tugas 11

continue Tugas 11

8 Apr

3. Jelaskan fungsi dari masing-masing tipe
4. Berika 10 contoh kalimat pengandaian beserta faktanya
answer :

CONDITIONAL SEENTENCEIF CLAUSE

Type 1

Fungsi : digunakan untk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yg akan terjadi diwaktu yang akan bila syarat tertentu

RUMUS ==

( IF + S + V1/Ves + O, S + WILL + V1 + O )

Ex. If Igraduatedfrom my college on time, Theywill giveme the jobIf heishere, Iwill behappy

Type 2

Fungsi : digunakan untk menyatakan peristiwa yang tak mungkin terjadikarena syarat tdk dpat dipenuhi (unlike condition)RUMUS ==

( IF + S + V2/Ved + O, S + Would + V1 + O )

Ex. If Iwonthe lottery, Iwould buythe houseIf shewerehere with me, Iwould bevery happyKet_gunakan ´wereµ kalo ga ada kata kerja., untk smua subjek. µwasµ tidakberlaku

Type 3

Fungsi : digunakan untk menyatakan keadaan yang seharusnya telah terjadi diwaktu lampau, namun tak terjadi karena syarat tak terpnuhi.RUMUS ==

( IF + S + Had V3 + O, S + Would have V3 + O

Ex. If uhad attendedmy party last night, uwould havemet your old friends.If shehad beenfine, Iwould not have been sad.

Example sentences

1. If I got the money,would buy you the comic. Fact: Idon·t getthe money so Idon·t buy you the comic.
2.  If my mother prepared the break fast, we would eat it. fact : Mother doesn’t preparethe breakfast so wedon·teat it.
3. Father would pickme if I asked him. fact : Father doesn’t pickme because Idon·task him.
4. If the teacher didn’t comewewouldbe happy. fact : The Teacher comes so wearen·tbe happy.
5. The teacher would giveus the test if we were ready. fact : The teacherdoesn·t giveus the test because we aren’t ready.
6. The boy wouldn’t playin the rain if his motherdidn·t permithimThe boyplaysin the rain because his Mother permitshim.
7. If he had visited me, I would have been happyHedidn·t visitedme so I wasn·t happy.
8. If they had not attendedthe meting, they wouldn’t have gotten the information.
9. They attended the meting, they got the information.
10. I would have beenlate if I hadn·t gotten up earlyIwasn·tlate because I got up early.
11. If she had writtenthe letter, I would have replied it. fact : She didn·t writethe letter so I didn·t reply it

source : http://www.scribd.com/doc/38817068/if-clause

Tugas 11

8 Apr

source :

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if_type1.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if_type2.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if_type3.htm

Conditional sentences – type III

Use

It is impossible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

Form

if clause	main clause
Past Perfect	would + have + past participle or could + have + past participle or might + have + past participle

Examples

If I had studied,	I would have passed the exams.
If I had studied,	I could have passed the exams.
If I had studied,	I might have passed the exams.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

If I had studied,	I would have passed the exams.
I would have passed the exams	if I had studied.

Type 2

Use

It is theoretically possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

Form

if clause	main clause
Simple Past	would + infinitive or could + infinitive or might + infinitive

Examples

If I studied,	I would pass the exams.
If I studied,	I could pass the exams.
If I studied,	I might pass the exams.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

If I studied,	I would pass the exams.
I would pass the exams	if I studied.

tugas 11.
1. ada berapa tipe if-clause
2. ada berapa tipe wish
Answer :

Type 1

Use

It is possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.

Form

if clause	main clause
Simple Present	will-future or infinitive or Modal + infinitive

Examples

If I study,	I will pass the exams.
If you see John tonight,	tell him to e-mail me.
If Ben gets up early,	he can catch the bus.

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

If I study,	I will pass the exams.
I will pass the exams	if I study

Tugas 10

Tugas 10.
1. Definisi conditional sentences
2. ada berapa bentuk conditional sentences
3. berikan contoh 10 kalimat yang menggunakan conditional sentences
Answer  :
In grammar, conditional sentences are sentences discussing factual implications or hypothetical situations and their consequences. Languages use a variety of conditional constructions and verb forms (such as the conditional mood) to form such sentences.
Full conditional sentences contain two clauses: the condition or protasis, and the consequence or apodosis.

If it rains [condition], (then) the picnic will be cancelled [consequence].

Syntactically, the condition is the subordinate clause, and the consequence is the main clause. However, the properties of the entire sentence are primarily determined by the properties of the protasis (condition) (its tense and degree of factualness).

Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future
Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

Conditional Sentence Type 3

→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

example 10 sentences :

1. If it’s raining here now, then it was raining on the West Coast this morning.
2. If it’s raining now, then your laundry is getting wet.
3. If it’s raining now, there will be mushrooms to be picked next week.
4. If it rains this afternoon, then yesterday’s weather forecast was wrong.
5. If it rains this afternoon, your garden party is doomed.
6. If it rains this afternoon, everybody will stay home.
7. If I become President, I’ll lower taxes.
8. If you’ll [you will] just hold the door open for me a moment, I can take this table out to the kitchen.
9. If you will keep all the windows shut, of course you’ll get headaches.
10. If you will excuse me, I think I will slip into something more comfortable.

source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence

                 http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences

tugas 8

Tugas 8.
1. Definisi intransitive verb
2. kategori kata kerja intransitive
3. berikan contohnya minimal 10 kalimat

Intransitive verb adalah kata kerja yang tidak membutuhkan objek.

• Auxiliary verb
• False purpose
• Finite verb
• Gerund
• Non-finite verb
• Split infinitive
• Verbal noun

example of sentences :

1. Emmy arrives from Bandung by train today
2. They hurry go to school
3. we walk together to see the film
4. the cats stand on the roof
5. I usually wake up at five o’clock every morning
6. I always play with my cats every afternoon
7. we want to make a group for discussion
8. catherin seldom help her mother every morning
9. Mike bring some flower for his girlfriend
10. melissa always clean her hair twice a week
11. father cook us a noodles with cheese

source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitive

tugas 13

pemerintah tidak bertanggung jawab atas ke banjiran yang ada dimasyarakat .
tidak ada peduli untuk bagaimana cara untuk mengatasi kebanjiran tersebut !

tugas 12

menurut saya ,orang seperti itu tidak pantas untuk di contoh..
karena mereka kerja bukan untuk tidur.
berilah contoh yg baik untuk masyarakat agar masyarakat dapat mengikuti tingkah laku yg pantas untuk dicontoh !

tugas 5

berikan 10 contoh kalimat yang mengandung gerunds !

1.        Garrett likes writing Sci-fi novel

2.      being a nurse is her ambition

3.      reading a lot is a must for every student

4.      Jake avoids Rose's coming to the party

5.       Yves is clever at making new patterns of fashion

6.      An introduction of new product from abroad

7.       my favourite activity is watching american TV series

8.      the working condition is far from ideal

9.      Elena was angry at Damon trying to deceive her

10.   Kyuhyun's singing is very good

Referensi

The Textbook of English Grammar by Drs.Slamet Riyanto,M.Pd.

Tugas 4

Deskripisikan Ciri-ciri dari Gerund :

1.       gerund as subject (kata benda sebagai seuyek/pokok kalimat).

2.      gerund as object of transitive verb (kata benda sebagai pelengkap dari kata kerja dasar).

3.      gerund as object of preposition (kata benda pelengkap dari kata depan).

4.      gerund after article (kata benda telah artikel/kata sandang).

5.       gerund after demonstrative (kata benda setelah kata ganti petunjuk).

6.      gerund after possessive adjective (kata benda setelah kata ganti kepunyaan).

7.       gerund after some verbs (kata benda setelah beberapa kata).

8.      gerund after some expression (kata benda setelah beberapa ungkapan).

o    contoh kalimat dari nomor 1 : swimming makes us to be health.

o    contoh kalimat dari nomor 2 : I want finishing my study at home.

o    contoh kalimat dari nomor 3 : he feels happy for coming his girlfriend.

o    contoh kalimat dari nomor 4 : the planning will be continued next month.

o    contoh kalimat dari nomor 5 : those playings attack to jury.

o    contoh kalimat dari nomor 6 : their crying make me to remember the last time.

o    contoh  kalimat dari nomor 7 : we enjoy eating in the cafe.

o    contoh kalimat dari nomor 8 : he is busy don’t be asked about it.

source :  Buku Complete English Grammar, oleh Sam. A. Susanto dan Mahfan, S,Pd, Penerbit Sandro Jaya Jakarta

sumber: Sentiana

Tugas 3

TUGAS 3

Jelaskan mengenai Gerund

Gerund adalah bentuk kata kerja verb+ing yang digunakan sebagai kata benda. karena fungsinya sebagai kata benda, maka gerund dapat berfungsi sebagai: subject,object of the verbs,dan object of prepositions dan juga complements.

contoh:

Infinitive                     Gerund                        Arti

- to read                      reading                      bacaan

- to smoke                  smoking                    merokok

- to write                    writing                        tulisan

- to knock                 knocking                     ketukan

- to speak                  speaking                   pembicaraan

Tempat/Kedudukan GERUND dalam kalimat :

o    after subject

o    as object of transitive verb

o    as object of preposition

o    after article

o    after Demontrative adjective

sumber: Sentiana  

Tugas 7

Definisi transitive verb ( Tugas 7 )

DEFINISI VERB
Verbs adalah kata kerja yang menunjukan nama perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh subyek, namun mungkin juga menunjukan keadaan. Contoh :
• Roy comes from Depok
• My brother studies in japan
• She is beautiful
Dalam bahasa inggris ada bermacam-macam verb (kata kerja), namun dalam bagian ini hanya akan membahas beberapa macam kata kerja yang pokok saja.

Kategori  Kata Kerja transitive verb

• Finite verb (ordinary verb) adalah kata kerja biasa yakni yang ditandai dengan ciri-ciri sebagai berikut :
a. Bila dipakai dalam kalimat Tanya dan negative perlu memakai kata kerja bantu do, does, atau did.
b. Bentuknya dapat berubah-ubah oleh tenses
c. Memiliki bentuk-bentuk : invinitive, present partticple, gerund, past tense, present tense, past participle.

• Auxiliary verbs (kata kerja bantu) adalah kata kerja yang digunakan bersama-sama dengan kata kerja lain untuk menyatakan tindakan atau keadaan, atau khususnya mempunyai fungsi grammatical.
• Linking verbs adalah kata kerja yang berfungsi menghubungkan antara subject dengan complementnya. Kata yang dihubungkan dengan subject tersebut dinamakan subject complement.

• Transitive verbs adalah kata kerja yang memerlukan object untuk menyempurnakan arti kalimat.

• Intransitive verbs adalah kata kerja yang tiidak memerlukan object, karena sudah dapat menunjukan arti yang sempurna

Berikan Contoh Kalimat Transitive

1.Roy comes from Depok
2. My brother studies in japan
3. She is beautiful

4.He bought a shirt.
5.She brushes her hair every hour.
6.Marina will lose the race.
7.They watch the film.
8.He is reading a magazine.

Sumber : Sentiana  

TUGAS 6

TUGAS 6 TENTANG KALIMAT AKTIF DAN PASIF

TUGAS 6

1.Definisi  Passive Voice

Menurut saya bawa passive voice itu kebalikan dari kalimat aktif dan Dalam kalimat pasif, me(N)- berubah menjadi di-. Sufiks -kan atau -i tidak hilang. Hanya kalimat transitif yang bisa menjadi kalimat pasif. (In passive sentences me(N)- is replaced by di-. Suffix -kan or -i do not drop. Only transitive verbs may be used in passive sentences)

Contoh:
- membeli –> dibeli
- mengirimkan –> dikirimkan
- memasuki –> dimasuki
 Dalam kalimat passive, subjeknya dikenai atau menerima pekerjaan. Sedangkan kalimat active, subjeknya yang melakukan suatu tindakan atau pekerjaan.

 Ada Beberapa Bentuk Kalimat Passive

1) Passive Imperative Sentence

Rumus:

Let + objek + be + Kata Kerja Bentuk III

• Help the poor (active)
• Let the poor be helped (passive)

2) Passive Infinitive: It is/was time

Rumus:

It is/was time for + objek + to be + kata kerja III

• It is time to send the letter (active)
• It is time for the letter to be sent (passive)

3) Negative Passive Imperative Sentence

Rumus:

Subjek + be + Kata kerja III + not to + infinitive

(kata kerja III yang sering digunakan adalah: advised, asked, begged, commanded, requested)

• Don’t wait for me (active)
• You are advised not to wait for me (passive)

4) Passive Sentence with Verbs of Perception

Rumus:

Subjek + be + adjectives + when + subjek + be + kata kerja III

(kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: taste, smell, feel)

• This food tastes delicious (active)
• This food is delicious when it is tasted (passive)

5) Passive Sentence with Certain Verbs followed by “that-clause”

Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: accept, admit, agree, assume, believe, decide, expect, find out, intend, plan, point out, presume, prove, regret, report, say, think, understand.

• We regretted that the principal had to resign from office (active)
• It was regretted that the principal had to resign from office (passive)

6) Passive Sentence with Nouns or Adjectives as Complements

• I consider her very pretty (active)
• She is considered very pretty (passive)

7) Passive Sentence with two objects

• He gave me a book (active)
• A book was given to me by him (passive 1)
• I was given a book by him (passive 2)

8) Passive Sentence with Gerund Verbs

• The teacher enjoyed teaching the students (active)
• The students enjoyed being taught by the teacher (passive)

9) Agent consisting long expression at the end of sentence

Dalam kalimat pasif, jika pelaku terdiri dari ekspresi yang panjang, sebaiknya subjek tersebut ditempatkan di akhir kalimat setelah by.

• We were all surprised by her sudden announcement to get married
• I was confused by his plan to stop the ongoing project and begin a new one.

10) Passive Sentence with unique verbs

Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: require, deserve, need

• This wall needs to be painted (sama dengan)
• This wall needs painting.

           

2. Mengubah Kalimat Aktif Ke Kalimat pasif

 Adalah Kalau Kalimat aktif yang subjeknya melakukan pekerjaan atau melakukan perbuatan sedangkan

Kalimat Pasif adalah kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan atau dikenai perbuatan seseorang

A.      Contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif

Contoh kalimat aktif

1.Yani membaca buku dikamar.
2. Cinta bermain kerumah rina.
3. Yuli mandi di kolam renang.
4. Saya  membeli buku tulis

5.Cinta peminjam pulpen hani

B. contoh kalimat pasi

1. Buku dibaca yani dikamar

2.Kerumah rina cinta bermain

3.Dikolam renang yuli mandi

4.Buku tulis  dibeli saya

5. Hani pulpen diminjam cinta

Sumber : Sentiana